分析泡沫復(fù)合板測定方法

Analytical method for determination of foam composite board

原則上，所有對復(fù)合板相結(jié)構(gòu)敏感的方法都可以確定相界，如熱分析法和動態(tài)力學法；或者可以直接觀察物相結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌的方法，如掃描電鏡、透射電鏡等。下面給出使用散射光強度I確定相邊界的示例。

In principle, all methods sensitive to the phase structure of composite plates can determine the phase boundary, such as thermal analysis and dynamic mechanics; Or we can directly observe the phase structure and morphology, such as scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and so on. An example of determining the phase boundary using the scattered light intensity I is given below.

對于一般的多相共混體系，分散相的尺寸通常在數(shù)百納米到數(shù)十微米的范圍內(nèi)。這個尺寸的下限已經(jīng)與可見光的波長相當。因此，當光通過該類材料時，會發(fā)生強烈的光散射并出現(xiàn)渾濁，而當為單相時，不會出現(xiàn)散射光強度的突變。利用光散射的這一特性，可以確定相界線，并給出一個典型的結(jié)果。濟南泡沫復(fù)合板的散射光強度曲線隨溫度突然變化的溫度，通常稱為“濁點”。

For general multiphase blends, the size of dispersed phase usually ranges from hundreds of nanometers to tens of microns. The lower limit of this size is already equivalent to the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, when light passes through such materials, strong light scattering and turbidity will occur, while when it is single-phase, there will be no sudden change in the intensity of scattered light. Using this characteristic of light scattering, the phase boundary can be determined and a typical result is given. The temperature at which the scattered light intensity curve of Jinan foam composite plate changes suddenly with temperature is usually called "cloud point".

相界可以通過繪制不同復(fù)合板的混合物的濁點相對于組分來獲得。這種方法的測定存在三個局限性：聚合物組分的折射率應(yīng)該相差較大，而且要注意折射率的溫度系數(shù)，否則，如果兩種組分的折射率不同當溫度變化時變得相等，也會導(dǎo)致散射光強度急劇下降，這可能會被誤認為是相變。

The phase boundary can be obtained by plotting the cloud point relative to the composition of the mixture of different composite plates. There are three limitations in the measurement of this method: the refractive index of polymer components should be quite different, and attention should be paid to the temperature coefficient of the refractive index. Otherwise, if the refractive index of two components is different and becomes equal when the temperature changes, the scattered light intensity will also decrease sharply, which may be mistaken for phase transition.

當分散相的尺寸遠小于可見光的波長，如嵌段共聚物的微相分離尺寸只有幾納米到幾十納米時，該方法失效；散射光強度的突變也受動力學因素的影響。控制，如冷卻或加熱速度，相面積大小的變化率等，所以用這種方法測得的相界不能稱為復(fù)合板的溶解度極限線。因此，復(fù)合板相界的確定通常采用相結(jié)合的方法。

When the size of the dispersed phase is much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, for example, the microphase separation size of block copolymer is only a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, the method fails; The abrupt change of scattered light intensity is also affected by dynamic factors. Control, such as cooling or heating rate, change rate of phase area, etc., so the phase boundary measured by this method can not be called the solubility limit line of composite plate. Therefore, the combination method is usually used to determine the phase boundary of composite plates.

泡沫復(fù)合板的使用價值分析

Application value analysis of foam composite board

當復(fù)合板的三元體系處于單相狀態(tài)時，根據(jù)吉布斯相位定律，自由度可以計算為f=4-1=3，其中包括一個溫度變量和兩個相位分量的自變量.在相圖中，具有3個自由度的單相區(qū)占據(jù)了一定的溫度和成分范圍。在這個范圍內(nèi)，溫度和成分可以獨立變化，它們之間沒有相互制約的關(guān)系。它的橫截面可以是各種形狀。平面圖形。

When the ternary system of the composite plate is in a single-phase state, according to Gibbs' phase law, the degree of freedom can be calculated as f=4-1=3, including one temperature variable and two independent variables of phase components In the phase diagram, the single-phase region with three degrees of freedom occupies a certain temperature and composition range. Within this range, temperature and composition can change independently, and there is no mutual restriction between them. Its cross section can be of various shapes. Plan graphics.

三元體系中濟南泡沫復(fù)合板兩相平衡區(qū)的自由度為2，這意味著除了溫度之外，共存兩相的組成還有一個自變量，即某一相的某個組成部分。是獨立變量，該相中其他兩種組分的含量和第二相的組成也相應(yīng)確定，不能單獨改變。在三元體系中，在一定溫度下，兩個平衡相之間存在共軛關(guān)系。無論是垂直截面還是水平截面，都以一對曲線作為其與兩個單相區(qū)的分界線。

In the ternary system, the degree of freedom in the two-phase equilibrium zone of Jinan foam composite plate is 2, which means that in addition to temperature, the composition of the coexisting two phases has an independent variable, that is, a component of a certain phase. Is an independent variable. The content of the other two components in this phase and the composition of the second phase are also determined accordingly and cannot be changed independently. In the ternary system, there is a conjugate relationship between the two equilibrium phases at a certain temperature. Both vertical and horizontal sections take a pair of curves as the boundary between them and the two single-phase zones.

兩相區(qū)與三相區(qū)的界面由不同溫度下兩個平衡相的共軛線組成。因此，在水平截面中，兩相區(qū)與三相區(qū)之間用直線隔開。這條直線是復(fù)合板的溫度。一條共軛線。

The interface between two-phase region and three-phase region is composed of conjugate lines of two equilibrium phases at different temperatures. Therefore, in the horizontal section, the two-phase zone and the three-phase zone are separated by a straight line. This line is the temperature of the composite plate. A conjugate line.

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